Gradient Biotech

Reproduction number

Estimate how fast an epidemic is changing from the episode incidence curve — the instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) with the Cori renewal method and a log-linear epidemic-growth rate. These are retrospective research estimates with assumptions surfaced, never real-time surveillance or nowcasting.

Research question

Is transmission intensity rising or falling over this cohort's timeline, and how fast is the epidemic growing?

Who this is for

  • Public-health research teams characterizing retrospective epidemic dynamics
  • Hospital epidemiology researchers summarizing an outbreak's trajectory
  • Analysts who need Rt reported with its serial-interval assumption and credible intervals

Data requirements

DataRequiredPurpose
Infection episodes with index (or onset) datesYesDaily incidence curve
Serial-interval estimate (mean, SD)YesRenewal-equation infectiousness weights

Workflow

Model dated episodes → Reproduction number
  → Set serial interval + window → Review Rt, CrIs, growth
  → AI interpretation

Step 1 — Build the incidence curve

Episodes are binned by index (or onset) date into a daily incidence curve across the observed period.

Step 2 — Estimate Rt and growth

The Reproduction number analysis computes the Cori et al. (2013) instantaneous Rt over sliding windows using a caller-supplied gamma serial interval, with gamma credible intervals, plus a log-linear epidemic-growth rate and doubling/halving time. The serial interval is cited in each run's provenance.

Step 3 — Read the assumptions

Rt is sensitive to the assumed serial interval and to small daily counts; caveats state this, and the result is framed as retrospective research — not real-time surveillance or operational decision support.

Expected outputs

  • Epidemic curve and per-window Rt with 95% credible intervals
  • Epidemic-growth rate with doubling/halving time
  • Method citation and assumptions preserved in provenance

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